The neoclassical style of architecture combines a mix of simple geometric shapes and Corinthian columns. It was influenced by the urban planning and social demands of its times. Rather than focusing on decoration, it sought to create functional structures.
Ionic columns
If you are a fan of architecture, then you should know that Neoclassical structures were often constructed in the late 18th century. Some of the most important buildings that hark back to this era include the U.S. Capitol Building and the Cuban Congress Building, which served as the country’s governmental institution until 1959, and the National Library of Science and Technology until 2013.
Neoclassical structures are not restricted to the Old World; a few examples of this style can be found in Central America, especially in Quito, Ecuador. One of the first and most impressive Neoclassical structures was the Palacio de La Moneda, built by Joaquin Toesca in Chile. Other notable examples include the Metropolitan Cathedral of Santiago and the United States Capitol Building.
The fanciest Neoclassical structure in Latin America is El Capitolio, in Havana. It was home to the Cuban Academy of Sciences until 2013 and was the seat of the Cuban Congress until 1959. In fact, the building was modeled after the United States Capitol Building. Despite its modest size, the building is notable for its neoclassical motifs, including Ionic columns and flat roofs.
Corinthian columns
Generally, Corinthian columns are distinguished by their elaborate cornice, which is often fluted. The columns can also have a fluted, filleted, or plain surface.
One of the most ornate architectural orders in Classical Architecture, Corinthian columns were influenced by the Greek city-state of Corinth. They feature a bell-shaped capital, which is usually decorated with acanthus leaf details.
Aside from their ornate appearance, Corinthian columns also have an intricate design. Their base is similar to a stack of round disks, sometimes fluted or filled. At its top, a bell-shaped capital with an elaborate abacus sits at the center. It may have modillions (ornamental brackets), which support a deep cornice.
In Ancient Greek architecture, the Ionic order is a variant of the Corinthian column. Typically, these columns have twin volute scrolls on the shaft, which may be flared at the top.
Simple geometric shapes
Neoclassical architecture is characterized by simple geometric forms. It is a style of architecture that was influenced by Ancient Greek and Roman structures.
It was developed in the mid-18th century. This was the time of the Grand Tour. These travelers brought back a wealth of knowledge. Many artists were inspired by their travels. The Neoclassic style was a reaction against the excessive ornamentation of previous popular styles.
Sculptors were also a major influence on the development of the Neoclassical style. They created sculptures that resembled statues from Athens and Rome. A significant emphasis was placed on symmetry.
In addition to sculpture, the Neoclassic style is characterized by a variety of other architectural elements. For example, buildings in the Neoclassical style are often surrounded by geometric gardens. And the interiors of these buildings are usually clean and uncluttered.
Social demands instead of ornament
Neoclassicism is a historical style of architecture that began in Italy in the mid-18th century. It aimed to return to the purity of classical style, which was characterized by symmetry and a focus on a more rational approach to art.
A number of British architects were involved in Neoclassical architecture during the 18th century. Some examples include Sir John Soane’s Bank of England and the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.
During the early 19th century, archeological discoveries of new Classical sites inspired interest in Neoclassicism. These discoveries led to the development of a scientific understanding of the Classical era and the long-lost techniques it used. This paved the way for the creation of Neoclassical architectural works.
In England, Robert Adam and William Chambers became important Neoclassical architects. Adam’s Osterley Park in London is an example of his Neoclassical style. He also created an integrated interior and exterior design.
Influence on urban planning
Neoclassical architecture is a type of design that arose in Europe in the 1750s. It is characterized by simple geometric shapes and triangular pediments. The style combines practical social functionality with symmetry of form. There are three main variants of Neoclassical architecture.
Neoclassical architecture has its roots in ancient Roman cities. Ancient Romans used a grid system of streets and a central forum with city services. These building facades reflected the city’s design patterns and were oriented to the street. In addition, ancient architects tended to build buildings proportioned to their importance.
Neoclassical architecture emerged as a reaction against the ornamentation of the Rococo style. The style also influenced architectural design in the United States. Some notable Neoclassical buildings include the White House and the Capitol Building.